Cairo juxtaposes the old with the new. The Pyramids of Giza in Greater Cairo and the Egyptian Museum demonstrate the preservation of ancient Egyptian history. In addition, Cairo is often considered the cultural capital of the Arab Middle East. With its huge bazaar, remarkable mosques and historically important film industry, the city`s vibrant culture is fully exposed. In October 2008, the Egyptian Rugby Federation was officially established and obtained membership in the International Rugby Board. [184] Center for Research and Operations in Applied Informatics However, in 1168, the Fatimid vizier Shawar set fire to the unfortified Fustat to prevent a possible conquest by Amalric, the Crusader king of Jerusalem. Although the fire did not destroy the city and continued to exist thereafter, it marked the beginning of its decline. In the centuries that followed, it was Cairo, the ancient city of the palace, that became the new economic center and attracted the migration of Fustat. [66] [67] All forms completed above refer to KAIRO. Some information is given on one of these complete forms.
If you are not satisfied with the information on “Contracts and Indemnities Register Online (CAIRO)”, comment. Or if you know more about “Contracts and Indemnities Register Online (CAIRO)”, write. In 969, the Shia Ismaili Fatimid Empire conquered Egypt after ruling from Ifriqiya. The Fatimid general Jawhar Al Saqili founded a new fortified city northeast of Fustat and the ancient al-Qata`i. It took four years to build the city originally known as al-Manṣūriyyah,[60] to serve as the new capital of the caliphate. Meanwhile, the construction of the Al-Azhar Mosque was commissioned by order of the caliph, which became the third oldest university in the world. Cairo eventually became a center of learning, with the Cairo Library containing hundreds of thousands of books. [61] When Caliph al-Mu`izz li Din Allah arrived in Tunisia in 973 from the ancient Fatimid capital of Mahdia, he gave the city its current name, Qāhirat al-Mu`izz (“The Conqueror of al-Mu`izz”)[60], from which the name “Cairo” (al-Qāhira) comes from.
The caliphs lived in a huge and sumptuous palace complex that occupied the heart of the city. Cairo remained a relatively exclusive royal city for most of this period, but during the term of vizier of Badr al-Gamali (1073-1094), restrictions were eased for the first time and wealthier families from Fustat were allowed to settle in the city. [62] Between 1087 and 1092, Badr al-Gamali also rebuilt the stone city walls and built the city gates of Bab al-Futuh, Bab al-Nasr and Bab Zuweila, which still exist today. [63] The settlement, officially called Cairo (Arabic: al-Qahira), was founded northeast of Fustat in 959 AD by the victorious Fatimid army. The Fatimids built it as a separate palatial city that contained its palaces and government institutions. It was surrounded by a circle of walls that was rebuilt in stone by Vizier Badr al-Gamali in the late 11th century AD, parts of which are preserved today in Bab Zuwayla to the south and Bab al-Futuh and Bab al-Nasr to the north. The annual match between Al Ahly and El Zamalek is one of the most watched sporting events in Egypt as well as in the Arab-African world. The teams form the main rivalry of Egyptian football and are the first and second champions in Africa and the Arab world. They play their home games at the Cairo International Stadium or Naser Stadium, the second largest stadium in Egypt, the largest in Cairo and one of the largest stadiums in the world. In the second half of the 20th century, Cairo increased enormously both in population and area.
Between 1947 and 2006, the population of Greater Cairo increased from 2,986,280 to 16,292,269. [140] The population explosion has also led to the rise of “informal” housing (“ashwa`iyyat”),” that is, apartments built without official planning and control. [141] The exact form of this type of housing varies widely, but generally has a much higher population density than formal housing. In 2009, more than 63% of Greater Cairo`s population lived in informal settlements, although these accounted for only 17% of Greater Cairo`s total area. [142] According to economist David Sims, informal housing has the advantage of providing affordable housing and vibrant communities to many of Kairo`s working class, but it also suffers from government neglect, relative lack of services, and overcrowding. [143] The “formal” city was also expanded. The most notable example was the creation of Madinat Nasr, a huge government-sponsored expansion of the city to the east that officially began in 1959 but was mainly developed in the mid-1970s. [144] Beginning in 1977, the Egyptian government established the New Urban Communities Authority to initiate and direct the development of new planned cities on the outskirts of Cairo, usually built on desert lands. [145] [146] [147] These new satellite cities are expected to provide housing, investment and employment opportunities for the region`s growing population and prevent the growth of informal settlements.
[145] In 2014, about 10% of Greater Cairo`s population lived in the new cities. [145] Tahrir Square was founded in the mid-19th century with the establishment of Cairo`s modern downtown. It was first named Ismailia Square, after the 19th-century ruler Khedive Ismail, who commissioned the “Paris on the Nile” design of the new downtown district. After the Egyptian Revolution of 1919, the square became widely known as Tahrir Square (Liberation Square), although it was not officially renamed as such until after the 1952 revolution that eliminated the monarchy. Several notable buildings surround the square, including the American University in downtown Cairo, the Mogamma Government Administration Building, the Headquarters of the Arab League, the Nile Ritz Carlton Hotel, and the Egyptian Museum. Located in the heart of Cairo, the square has seen several major events over the years. The most notable event in the square, however, was the focal point of Egypt`s 2011 revolution against former President Hosni Mubarak. [197] In 2020, the government completed the erection of a new monument in the middle of the square with an ancient obelisk from the reign of Ramses II, originally excavated in Tanis (San al-Hagar) in 2019, and four statues of ram-headed Sphinxes displaced from Karnak. [198] [199] [200] This area of Cairo is so named because it contains the remains of the ancient Roman fortress Babylon and also straddles the original location of Fustat, the first Arab settlement in Egypt (7th century AD) and the predecessor of later Cairo.
The region includes Coptic Cairo, which is home to a high concentration of ancient Christian churches such as the Hanging Church, the Greek Orthodox Church of St. George and other Christian or Coptic buildings, most of which are located above the grounds of the ancient Roman fortress. It is also home to the Coptic Museum, which shows the history of Coptic art from Greco-Roman to Islamic times, and the Ben Ezra Synagogue, Cairo`s oldest and most famous synagogue, where the important collection of Geniza documents was discovered in the 19th century. [205] To the north of this Coptic enclave is the Amr ibn al-`As Mosque, the first mosque in Egypt and the main religious center of ancient Fustat, founded in 642 AD immediately after the Arab conquest, but rebuilt several times since then. [206] Egypt is internationally known for the excellence of its squash players, who excel in both professional and junior leagues. [185] Egypt has seven players in the top ten of PSA`s men`s world rankings and three in the women`s top ten.